It may be argued that the first mention of myopia goes back to the 4th BC, in Aristotle works. He noticed that some people need to take objects close to their eyes to have a good look, besides, they often squint to see things.
Myopia is one of the most common vision disorders in the world. According to some sources, short-sightedness affects more than 1bln people. Essentially, myopia is a type of ametropy – pathologic change of the refractional function of the eye.
Normally, light, entering the pupil, is refracted by the main eye lens – crystalline lens and is projected to the retina of the eye. The retina is the structure of photosensitive cells, where the image is generated, i.e. outlines and color of objects.
When refraction is impaired, the image is projected not on the retina itself, but behind it (hypermetropia) or in front of it (myopia). If the focus point is in front of the retina, it impairs the ability of the eye to see objects at a distance as their projection is too far away from the retina, however, the eye sees close objects quite well. In case of high myopia vision can be impaired at close distances too.
The most common reason of myopia is an elongated eye-ball, as a result of which the retina turns out to be behind the focal plane. A less frequent variant is when the refracting eye system focuses light stronger than it is necessary and therefore the light focuses in front of the retina, not on the retina itself. In any of the above-mentioned variants a fuzzy, blurred image is formed on the retina when long-distance objects are viewed.
Over the last 10 years number of people with myopia has grown significantly. People wearing glasses have become an integral part of contemporary life: globally, approximately 1 bln people wear glasses. Myopia mostly affects young people. Thus, according to different authors, myopia frequency in schoolchildren ranges from 2.3% to 16.2% and more. Among students of higher educational institutions this percentage is even higher. Even though a hereditary factor plays quite an important role in myopia development, it is not necessarily a determining factor.
Factors, Contributing to Myopia Development
The following factors are to be considered as the ones, determining myopia development:
- Hereditary factor is of great importance as short-sighted parents often have short-sighted children. This is particularly evident in large groups of people. Thus, in Europe myopia incidence among students makes up to 15%, while in Japan – 85%.
- Adverse environment, in particular, prolonged work at a short distance. This is professional and school myopia, which develops particularly easily at the stage, when development of the organism is not finished yet.
- Primary weakness of accommodation, causing compensatory elongation of the eye-ball.
- Unbalanced tension of accommodation and convergence, causing spasm of accommodation and development of pseudomyopia, followed by actual myopia.
Despite relatively high level of ophthalmology, there is no sufficiently substantiated scientific concept of myopia development. Contribution of the above-mentioned facts should be deemed reasonably plausible, however there is no convincing evidence on precedence of any of them. Obviously, different types of myopia have different causes and myopia development stems from one of the factors or has a complex origin.
As it has already been mentioned, the cause of myopia is a changed form of the eye ball. It begins to look more like an oval than a circle. This results in impaired light refraction, therefore light goes through the eye ball and focuses opposite to the retina.
When accommodative ability is weakened, the eye does not cope with operations, demanding visual tension at short distances. In this cases the organism has to modify the optical system of the eyes so that to adjust it for work at a close distance without increased tension during accommodation. This is mostly achieved through moderate targeted elongation of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye during growth thereof and refraction formation. The result thereof is myopia, which may progress slightly, however, generally, it is no more than 3.0-4.0 diopter.
Two main pathogenic chains of myopia have been identified based on the studies of the Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases:
- Discrepancy between capacities of a weakened accommodative apparatus of the eye and visual workload.
- Weakening of the sclera strength and elongation thereof under the action of intraocular pressure.
The first mechanism implies more favorable path of myopia development, in this case myopia is an optical impairment of the eye, the second mechanism implies myopia as a serious disease, prone to progression and complications. A hereditary factor plays an important role in development of both types of myopia. The first type is generally inherited as autosomal dominant, while the second type as autosomal recessive disorder.
Hereditary myopia manifests in girls somewhat earlier than in boys. This appears to be related to modifying gender influence and endocrine changes in organism at puberty.
The first signs of myopia appear at the age from 7 to 12 years and progress until 20 years in women and 22 years in men. Subsequently vision usually stabilizes, however it also may deteriorate further. When anterior-posterior axis of the eye increases, cells of retina, located in the area of maximum illumination sensitivity become sparse like the fabric of a stocking when pulled up the leg. This may cause development of other diseases. E.g. age-related macular dystrophy, generally, develops after 55 years, however in case of severe myopia it can develop at an earlier age.
It is common to refer to three myopia degrees:
Mild degree – up to 3.0 diopter
Moderate degree – from 3.5 to 6.0 diopter
High degree – more than 6.0 diopter
With regard to clinical progression myopia is divided into the non-progressing and progressing myopia.
Myopia progression can be slow and may stop when organism growth stops. Sometimes, myopia progresses continuously and reaches high levels (up to 30.0-40.0 diopter), it can be accompanied with a number of complications and considerable vision impairment. Such myopia is called malign myopic disease. Non-progressing myopia is a refraction anomaly. It is manifested clinically as distance vision deterioration, it can be successfully corrected and requires no treatment. Temporarily progressing myopia has a favorable course too. Continuously progressing myopia is always a serious disease, which is the main cause of disability, associated with visual organ pathology.
Elongation of the posterior segment of the eye ball results in anatomical and physiological changes. Vision function is particularly affected by vascular and nervous tunics impairments, causing typical patterns of the fundus of the eye.
Elongation of eye layers is accompanied by increased vascular fragility with repeated hemorrhaging into the retina and vitreous body. Slowly dissolving hemorrhages cause opacity of vitreous body. Of particular importance is formation of a coarse pigmented area, significantly deteriorating vision acuity. Vision impairment may also be caused by progressing opacity of vitreous body, detachment thereof and development of cataract complications. Very serious complication of high myopia is a retinal detachment, developing due to breaking thereof at different sites of the fundus of eye.
Based on the above-mentioned it is clear that even mild and moderate myopia, that can be successfully corrected with optical lenses, may be an obstacle to choosing of a number of profession.
High continuously progressing myopia inevitably results in disablement due to sharp decrease of visual acuity or even complete loss thereof.
Global computerization has caused a sharp increase in visual workload in recent years.
Therefore, school age is a high time when preventive measures against myopia and treatment thereof if diagnosed should be conducted.
Safe methods, such as Resonance Bio-Correction, should be used for prevention and treatment.
The products, offered by Matrix Trading Firm, which are designed for contact Resonance Bio-Correction, are the choice when it comes to myopia prevention and treatment.
Resonance Bio-Correction method is based on coherent transformation (harmonization) of electromagnetic pulses, emitted by human organism. As a result, there life sustaining systems of the organism become harmonized and disrupted balance is restored.
Contact Resonance Bio-Correction method is carried out by means of the products, including the topology design (fractal diffraction grating), developed by AIRES New Medical Technologies Development Foundation. Upon interaction therewith electromagnetic radiation, emitted by the human organism, is coherently transformed (based on passive resonance). Following passive interaction of cells’ electromagnetic radiation with intrinsic coherently transformed control field, structural characteristics of physical fields of organs and systems in human organism become stabilized.
We strongly recommend to use Health Matrix optical protective filters to prevent and treat myopia.
Optical filters are passive diffraction systems, capable to restructurize electromagnetic field oscillations in optical band, dissolving them into harmonic components and transforming radiation into coherent state.
Matrix Trading Firm offers the following types of optical filters: Relax, Optimum and Optimum Plus.
Relax optical filters are recommended for prevention of vision impairments, particularly for persons with high visual workload. Following adjustment to relax optical filters, it is recommended to use them continuously, when working at the computer monitor.
Extra optical filters can also be used for prevention purposes.
Myopia treatment should be consistent and complex. Any type of optical filters can be used for treatment, we highly recommend Extra or Optimum Plus optical filters for this purpose.
You can conduct the following treatment sessions: look at the source of light (a light bulb or a burning candle) at a 70cm distance from eyes through the optical filters during 10 minutes. Increase number of sessions up to 6 sessions per day, distributing them evenly through the day. Treatment course duration should make 42 days. Repeated courses are required with intervals from two weeks to a month in between.
Curative effect is enhanced if optical filters are used in combination with other Health Matrix products. It is recommended to use Aires Relax bandage during sessions and to attach Health Matrix applicators to the cervical and collar area
Svetlana Pavlovna Lapina, MD, Ph.D (Medicine)